The first reference to Jews living in Paris comes in 582, the area they lived. For 6 centuries Jews lived and worked in Paris, with the call for Crusade from Pope Urban the 2nd the lives of Parisian Jews began to be become more difficult with blood libel charges and expulsion in 1182. By the time the Jews of England were thrown out in 1290 the Parisian Jews had returned and welcomed many from England. The area they lived in is the same area that is known as the Jewish Quarter today. Over the next 8 centuries the fortunes of Jewish Parisians cycled between good and bad, with expulsions followed by return. In the early 20th Century most of the community was Ashkenazi after the war few of the Jewish community remained, most had been rounded up and exterminated by the Nazi regime. Once France had withdrawn from North Africa many Sephardi Jews followed and the nature of synagogue life, culture and cuisine changed accordingly. In the past few years higher rents, greater affluence and the influx of antisemitic Muslims often from North Africa has begun to push the Jewish community out to the suburbs or to leave France altogether. However there is still a strong community in this area with restaurants, shops and synagogues.